הלכות שביתת עשור

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לִשְׁבֹּת מִמְּלָאכָה בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כג לב) "שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן הוּא לָכֶם". וְכָל הָעוֹשֶׂה בּוֹ מְלָאכָה בִּטֵּל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה וְעָבַר עַל לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כט ז) "וּבֶעָשׂוֹר" וְגוֹ' (במדבר כט ז) "כָּל מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ". וּמַה הוּא חַיָּב עַל עֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם זֶה. אִם עָשָׂה בִּרְצוֹנוֹ בְּזָדוֹן חַיָּב כָּרֵת. וְאִם עָשָׂה בִּשְׁגָגָה חַיָּב קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת קְבוּעָה:

There is a positive commandment to rest from labor on the 10th of the seventh month [Tishrei], as it says, "it shall be a Sabbath of rest for you." And anyone who does labor on it has failed to perform a positive commandment and violated a negative commandment, as it says, "and on the 10th etc. no labor shall be done." And for which punishment is he liable for doing labor on this day? If he did it willingly and intentionally, he is liable to [spiritual] excision. If he did it unintentionally, he is obligated to bring a set sin-offering [not one that varies depending on what the sinner can afford].

כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁחַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת סְקִילָה חַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ בֶּעָשׂוֹר כָּרֵת. וְכָל שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלָיו קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּבִין עָלָיו קָרְבַּן חַטָּאת בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאָסוּר לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְלָאכָה אָסוּר לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְאִם עָשָׂה מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמַּכִּין אוֹתוֹ עַל הַשַּׁבָּת. וְכָל שֶׁאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְכָל שֶׁאָסוּר לְאָמְרוֹ אוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְּשַׁבָּת כָּךְ אָסוּר בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר אֵין בֵּין שַׁבָּת לְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בְּעִנְיָנִים אֵלּוּ אֶלָּא שֶׁזְּדוֹן מְלָאכָה בְּשַׁבָּת בִּסְקִילָה וּבְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בְּכָרֵת:

Every labor that performed on the Sabbath intentionally would make one liable to [death by] stoning, one would be liable to excision for it if done on the 10th [day]. And everything for which one would be liable to a sin-offering on the Sabbath, one is liable to a sin-offering on the Day of Atonement. Anything that is forbidden to be done on the Sabbath even if it is not a labor [one of the 39 principal labors] is prohibited on the Day of Atonement. And if he did it, they [the court] would whip him 'a lash of rebelliousness' [the punishment for violating a rabbinic commandment] as they would have done [for a similar violation] on the Sabbath. And anything that is forbidden to be moved on the Sabbath is forbidden to be moved on the Day of Atonement. And anything that is forbidden to be said or to be done initially on the Sabbath is similarly forbidden on the Day of Atonement. The general rule of the matter: there is no difference between the Sabbath and the Day of Atonement in these matters except that intentional labor on the Sabbath incurs the punishment of stoning and on the Day of Atonement, excision.