ספר הכוזרי, מאמר שלישי
The Kuzari, Part Three
What a pious life actually consists of, hour by hour, and a long defence of the oral law against the Karaites.
The opening
א אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: מִנְהַג הָעוֹבֵד אֶצְלֵנוּ, אֵינֶנּוּ נִגְזָר מִן הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה לְמַשָּׂא עָלֵינוּ וְיִהְיֶה לְמַשָּׂא עָלָיו וְיִמְאַס הַחַיִּים שֶׁהֵם מִטּוֹבוֹת הַבּוֹרֵא, וְזוֹכֵר טוֹבָתוֹ עָלָיו בָּהֶם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "אֶת מִסְפַּר יָמֶיךָ אֲמַלֵּא" "וְהַאֲרַכְתָּ יָמִים", אֲבָל – אוֹהֵב הָעוֹלָם וַאֲרִיכוּת הַיָּמִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַקְנֶה אוֹתוֹ הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְכָל אֲשֶׁר יוֹסִיף טוֹבָה יַעֲלֶה מַדְרֵגָה לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, אַךְ הוּא מִתְאַוֶּה זֶה – אִלּוּ הָיָה מַגִּיעַ לְמַדְרֵגַת חֲנוֹךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: "וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים", אוֹ לְמַדְרֵגַת אֵלִיָּהוּ זָכוּר לַטּוֹב, וּלְהִפָּנוֹת עַד שֶׁיִּתְיַחֵד לְחֶבְרַת הַמַּלְאָכִים, וְלֹא יִהְיֶה מִשְׁתּוֹמֵם בִּיחִידוּת וּבִבְדִידוּת, אֲבָל הֵם צְוָתוֹ. וְיִשְׁתּוֹמֵם בִּמְלֹא עָם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנֶּעְדָּר מִמֶּנּוּ רְאִיַּת מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִהְיֶה צָרִיךְ עִמָּהּ לְמַאֲכָל וּלְמִשְׁתֶּה, וְלִכְמוֹ אֵלֶּה תִּהְיֶה רְאוּיָה הַבְּדִידוּת הַשְּׁלֵמָה, אַךְ מִתְאַוִּים הַמָּוֶת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִגִּיעוּ אֶל הַתַּכְלִית אֲשֶׁר אֵין אַחֲרֶיהָ מַדְרֵגָה שֶׁיְּקַוּוּ תּוֹסַפְתָּהּ. וְלַחֲכָמִים הַמִּתְפַּלְסְפִים אַהֲבָה בַבְּדִידוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּזְדַּכַּכְנָה מַחְשְׁבוֹתָם לֵילֵד מִסְּבָרוֹתָם הַתּוֹלָדוֹת הָאֲמִתִּיּוֹת עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעוּ אֶל הָאֱמֶת בְּמַה שֶּׁנִּשְׁאַר עֲלֵיהֶם מֵהַסְּפֵקוֹת, וְרוֹצִים עִם זֶה פְּגִיעַת תַּלְמִידִים שֶׁיָּבִיאוּ אוֹתָם אֶל הַמֶּחְקָר וְהַזִּכָּרוֹן, כְּמִי שֶׁשָּׁגָה בְּקִבּוּץ הַמָּמוֹן וְהוּא שׂוֹנֵא לְהִתְעַסֵּק אֶלָּא עִם מִי שֶׁיִּסְחַר כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּרְוִיחַ עִמּוֹ, וְזֹאת מַדְרֵגַת סָקְרַט וְהַדּוֹמֶה לוֹ, וְאֵלֶּה הַיְחִידִים אֵין תִּקְוָה לְהַגִּיעַ לְמַדְרֵגָתָם עַתָּה, אֲבָל בְּהִמָּצֵא הַשְּׁכִינָה בָּאָרֶץ הַקְּדוֹשָׁה בָּעָם הַמּוּכָן לַנְּבוּאָה, – הָיוּ אֲנָשִׁים נִפְרָדִים וְשׁוֹכְנִים בַּמִּדְבָּרוֹת, מִתְחַבְּרִים עִם מִי שֶׁדּוֹמֶה לָהֶם, לֹא הָיוּ מִתְבּוֹדְדִים לְגַמְרֵי, אֲבָל הָיוּ נֶעֱזָרִים עַל חָכְמַת הַתּוֹרָה וַמַעֲשֶׂיהָ הַמְקָרְבִים אֶל הַמַּדְרֵגָה הַהִיא בִּקְדֻשָּׁה וּבְטָהֳרָה, וְהֵם בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים. וְאַךְ בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה וּבַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וְהָעָם הַזֶּה – וְאֵין חָזוֹן נִפְרָץ, עִם מִעוּט הַחָכְמָה הַקְּנוּיָה וְהֶעְדֵּר הַחָכְמָה הַהִיא הַטִּבְעִית, מִי שֶׁהִכְנִיס עַצְמוֹ לְהִנָּזֵר בִּפְרִישׁוּת, כְּבָר הִכְנִיס נַפְשׁוֹ בְּיִסּוּרִין וָחֳלִי נַפְשִׁי וְגַשְׁמִי, וְתֵרָאֶה עָלָיו דַּלּוּת הֶחֳלָיִים, וְיִהְיוּ סְבוּרִים בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהוּא דַּלּוּת הַכְּנִיעָה וְהַשִּׁפְלוּת, וְיָשׁוּב נֶאֱסָר, מוֹאֵס בְּחַיָּיו מִפְּנֵי קִיצָתוֹ בְּמַאֲסָרָיו וּמַכְאוֹבָיו, לֹא מִתַּאֲוָתוֹ לַבְּדִידוּת. וְאֵיךְ לֹא יִהְיֶה כֵן, וְהוּא אֵינֶנּוּ דָּבֵק בְּאוֹר אֱלֹהִי שֶׁיִּמְצָא בּוֹ צֶוֶת כַּנְּבִיאִים, וְלֹא הִגִּיעַ לַחָכְמוֹת שֶׁמַּסְפִּיקִים לְהִתְעַסֵּק בָּהֶם וְלִמְצֹא עֲרֵבוּת בָּם שְׁאָר חַיָּיו כַּפִּילוֹסוֹפִים. וֶאֱמֹר – כִּי הוּא יָרֵא וְחָסִיד, אוֹהֵב שֶׁיִּפְגַע אֱלֹהָיו בַּבְּדִידוּת וְהָעֲמִידָה וְהַתְּחִנָּה וְהַתְּפִלָּה, בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ מֵהַתַּחֲנוּנִים וְהַבַּקָּשׁוֹת, אֵלֶּה הַחֲדָשׁוֹת אֵין לָהֶם עֲרֵבוּת כִּי אִם יָמִים מְעַטִּים בְּעוֹד שֶׁהֵם חֲדָשִׁים, וְכָל אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׁנוּ עַל הַלָּשׁוֹן, לֹא תִפָּעֵל לָהֶם הַנֶּפֶשׁ וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא לָהֶם כְּנִיעָה וְלֹא חֲנִינָה, וְיִשָּׁאֵר בְּעִתֵּי הַיּוֹם וְהַלַּיְלָה וְנַפְשׁוֹ תִתְבָּעֶנּוּ בְכֹחוֹתֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר נִטְבְּעָה עֲלֵיהֶם, מֵהַשֵּׁמַע וְהָרְאִיָּה וְהַדִּבּוּר וְהָעֵסֶק וְהָאֲכִילָה וְהַשְּׁתִיָּה וְהַמִּשְׁגָּל וְהָרֶוַח בְּמָמוֹן וְתַקָּנַת בֵּיתוֹ וְעֶזְרַת דַּלִּים וְעֵזֶר הַתּוֹרָה בְּמָמוֹנוֹ, – כְּשֶׁיִּרְאֶה שׁוּם קִלְקוּל, הֲלֹא יִשָּׁאֵר מִתְחָרֵט עַל מַה שֶּׁקָּשַׁר נַפְשׁוֹ אֵלָיו, וְיוֹסִיף בַּחֲרָטָתוֹ רֹחַק מֵהָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי אֲשֶׁר טָרַח לְהִתְקָרֵב אֵלָיו.
THE RABBI: According to our view a servant of God is not one who detaches himself from the world, lest he be a burden to it, and it to him; or hates life, which is one of God's bounties granted to him, as it is written: 'The number of thy days I will fulfill'; 'Thou shalt live long' (Exodus 23:26). On the contrary, he loves the world and a long life, because it affords him opportunities of deserving the world to come. The more good he does the greater is his claim to the next world. He even reaches the degree of Enoch, concerning whom it is said: 'And Enoch walked with God' (Genesis 5:24); or the degree of Elijah, freed from worldly matters, and to be admitted to the realm of angels. In this case he feels no loneliness in solitude and seclusion, since they form his associates. He is rather ill at ease in a crowd, because he misses the divine presence which enables him to dispense with eating and drinking. Such persons might perhaps be happier in complete solitude; they might even welcome death, because it leads to the step beyond which there is none higher. Philosophers and scholars also love solitude to refine their thoughts, and to reap the fruits of truth from their researches, in order that all remaining doubts be dispelled by truth. They only desire the society of disciples who stimulate their research and retentiveness, just as he who is bent upon making money would only surround himself with persons with whom he could do lucrative business. Such a degree is that of Socrates and those who are like him. There is no one nowadays who feels tempted to strive for such a degree, but when the Divine Presence was still in the Holy Land among the people capable of prophecy, some few persons lived an ascetic life in deserts and associated with people of the same frame of mind. They did not seclude themselves completely, but they endeavoured to find support in the knowledge of the Law and in holy and pure actions which brought them near to that high rank. These were the disciples of prophets. He, however, who in our time, place, and people, 'whilst no open vision exists' (I Samuel 3:1), the desire for study being small, and persons with a natural talent for it absent, would like to retire into ascetic solitude, only courts distress and sickness for soul and body. The misery of sickness is visibly upon him, but one might regard it as the consequence of humility and contrition. He considers himself in prison as it were, and despairs of life from disgust of his prison and pain, but not because he enjoys his seclusion. How could it be otherwise? He has no intercourse with the divine light, and cannot associate himself with it as the prophets. He lacks the necessary learning to be absorbed in it and to enjoy it, as the philosophers did, all the rest of his life. Suppose he is God-fearing, righteous, desires to meet his God in solitude, standing, humbly and contritely, reciting as many prayers and supplications as he possibly can remember, all this affords him satisfaction for a few days as long as it is new. Words frequently repeated by the tongue lose their influence on the soul, and he cannot give to the latter humbleness or submission. Thus he remains night and day, whilst his soul urges him to employ its innate powers in seeing, hearing, speaking, occupation, eating, cohabitation, gain, managing his house, helping the poor, upholding the law with money in case of need. Must he not regret those things to which he has tied his soul, a regret which tends to remove him from the Divine Influence, which he desired to approach?
ב אָמַר הַכּוּזָרִי: אִם כֵּן סַפֵּר לִי מַעֲשֵׂה הֶחָסִיד שֶׁבָּכֶם הַיּוֹם.
2. Al Khazari: Give me a description of the doings of one of your pious men at the present time.
Translation
- Kitab al Khazari, translated by Hartwig Hirschfeld, 1905George Routledge & Sons, LondonMade from the Judeo-Arabic original rather than from the Hebrew beside it, so the two are two translations of one book and are matched sentence by sentence.Public Domain
10786 words, about 83 minutes of reading.
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