ספר הכוזרי, מאמר ראשון

אָמַר יְהוּדָה בֶן שָׁאוּל ז"ל, אָמַר הַמְחַבֵּר: שָׁאוֹל שָׁאֲלוּ אוֹתִי עַל מַה שֶּׁיֵשׁ אִתִּי מִן הַטְּעָנוֹת וְהַתְּשׁוּבוֹת עַל הַחוֹלְקִים עָלֵינוּ מִן הַפִּילוֹסוֹפִים וְאַנְשֵׁי הַתּוֹרוֹת, וְעַל הַמִּינִים הַחוֹלְקִים עַל הֲמוֹן יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְזָכַרְתִּי מַה שֶּׁשְּׁמַעְתִּיו כְּבַר מִטַּעֲנוֹת הֶחָבֵר אֲשֶׁר הָיָה אֵצֶל מֶלֶךְ כּוּזָר הַנִּכְנַס בְּדַת הַיְּהוּדִים הַיּוֹם כְּאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה כַּאֲשֶׁר נִזְכָּר וְנוֹדָע בְּסִפְרֵי דִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, כִּי נִשְׁנָה עָלָיו חֲלוֹם פְּעָמִים רַבּוֹת כְּאִלּוּ מַלְאָךְ מְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ: "כַּוָּנָתְךָ רְצוּיָה אֵצֶל הַבּוֹרֶא אֲבָל מַעַשְׂךָ אֵינָנּוּ רָצוּי".

Introduction: I WAS asked to state what arguments and replies I could bring to bear against the attacks of philosophers and followers of other religions, and also against [Jewish] sectarians who attacked the rest of Israel. This reminded me of something I had once heard concerning the arguments of a Rabbi who sojourned with the King of the Khazars. The latter, as we know from historical records, became a convert to Judaism about four hundred years ago. To him came a dream, and it appeared as if an angel addressed him, saying: 'Thy way of thinking is indeed pleasing to the Creator, but not thy way of acting.' Yet he was so zealous in the performance of the Khazar religion, that he devoted himself with a perfect heart to the service of the temple and sacrifices. Notwithstanding this devotion, the angel came again at night and repeated: 'Thy way of thinking is pleasing to God, but not thy way of acting.' This caused him to ponder over the different beliefs and religions, and finally become a convert to Judaism together with many other Khazars. As I found among the arguments of the Rabbi, many which appealed to me, and were in harmony with my own opinions, I resolved to write them down exactly as they had been spoken. When the King of Khazar (as is related) dreamt that his way of thinking was agreeable to God, but not his way of acting, and was commanded in the same dream to seek the God-pleasing work, he inquired of a philosopher concerning his religious persuasion.

ב - אָמַר הַכּוּזָרִי: רוֹאֶה אֲנִי דְבָרֶיךָ מַסְפִּיקִים, אַךְ אֵינָם מְפִיקִים לִשְׁאֵלָתִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ בְּעַצְמִי כִּי נַפְשִׁי זַכָּה וּמַעֲשַׂי יְשָׁרִים לִרְצוֹן הַבּוֹרֵא, וְעִם כָּל זֶה הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבָתִי כִּי הַמַּעֳשֶׂה הַזֶה אֵינֶנּוּ נִרְצֶה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַכַּוָּנָה רְצוּיָה, וְאֵין סָפֵק שֶׁיֵשׁ מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהוּא נִרְצֶה בְעַצְמוּתוֹ לֹא כְפִי הַמַּחֲשָׁבוֹת. וְאִם אֵינֶנּוּ כֵן, מַה לֶּאֱדוֹם וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל שֶׁחִלְּקוּ הַיִּשּׁוּב נִלְחָמִים זֶה בָזֶה, וְכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶם זִכָּה נַפְשׁוֹ וְכַוָּנָתוֹ לֵאלֹהִים וְנִבְדָּל וְנִפְרָשׁ וְצָם וּמִתְפַּלֵּל וְהוֹלֵךְ, וּמְגַמָּתוֹ לַהֲרֹג אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְהוּא מַאֲמִין שֶׁהֲרִיגָתוֹ צְדָקָה גְדוֹלָה וְקוּרְבָה אֶל הַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ, וְנִלְחָמִים זֶה בָּזֶה, וְכָל אֶחָד מַאֲמִין כִּי הֲלִיכָתוֹ אֶל גַּן עֵדֶן, וְהַאֲמֵן לִשְׁנֵיהֶם זֶה דָבָר שֶׁלֹּא יִתָּכֵן אֵצֶל הַשֵּׂכֶל.

Said to him the Khazari: Your words are convincing, yet they do not correspond to what I wish to find. I know already that my soul is pure and that my actions are calculated to gain the favor of God. To all this I received the answer that this way of action does not find favor, though the intention does. There must no doubt be a way of acting, pleasing by its very nature, but not through the medium of intentions. If this be not so, why, then, do Christian and Muslim, who divide the inhabited world between them, fight with one another, each of them serving his God with pure intention, living either as monks or hermits, fasting and praying? For all that they vie with each other in committing murders, believing that this is a most pious work and brings them nearer to God. They fight in the belief that paradise and eternal bliss will be their reward. It is, however, impossible to agree with both.